Saturday, April 04, 2026

Transfused With Antivaxxer Stupidity

Nothing should surprise me by now, but this kind of deliberate, self-destructive stupidity is a bit much. If you'd rather get sicker or die because you don't want a blood transfusion from a vaccinated donor, good luck to you.  But don't deny it to your children.

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Rising number of Americans refusing life-saving blood transfusions because they come from vaccinated donors
 
By Emily Joshu Sterne, US Assistant Health Editor, Daily Mail, 4-3-26 

"Health researchers are sounding the alarm after noticing more people refusing life-saving blood transfusions because they come from vaccinated donors. 

"In a study out of Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 15 patients or families of patients who needed blood transfusions rejected them because they requested blood from donors who were not vaccinated. 

"The majority of patients were children or teenagers.  

"The refusal led one patient to go into shock, another to develop anemia and others to have their surgeries delayed. 

"Now, doctors involved say they fear more Americans, spurred by vaccine-suspicious health secretary Robert F Kennedy Jr, will follow.  

"Over a two-year period, the researchers found requests for non-anonymous - meaning patients can choose specific donors for their transfusion - had increased because the patients specifically wanted blood from unvaccinated individuals. 

"The patients had told doctors they wanted unvaccinated blood because they believed it was safer, but their exact safety concerns are unclear. 

"Researchers noted that while the total number of these donations was small, the requests caused delayed care and could have contributed to complications of not receiving a timely blood transfusion, which can include organ failure, stroke and death. 

"In children, delays in blood transfusions can also permanently stunt development or cause severe neurological damage. 

"The study found that in at least four cases, patients experienced significant medical issues because they or their families wanted to wait for unvaccinated blood. 

"These effects included one patient doing into shock due to low levels of hemoglobin, an iron-rich protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues. Two other patients had to have their surgeries delayed.

"'Despite being framed as "safer," directed donations may paradoxically increase risk,' the authors wrote in the journal Transfusion

"Exact figures are unclear, but the study notes that since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, doctors across the country have had more requests for unvaccinated donors due to the popular anti-vax belief that Covid vaccinated patients can 'shed' mRNA in the shots into their blood. 

"Some anti-vaxxers also believe receiving blood from a vaccinated donor will cause them to suffer the serious but extremely rare side effects associated with the shot, such as a kind of heart inflammation called myocarditis. 

"The misinformation has come as RFK Jr has expressed doubts about the safety of Covid vaccines and referred to the shot as 'the deadliest vaccine ever made.' 

"However, there is no evidence that being vaccinated against Covid or any other vaccine-preventable illness alters the blood in any significant manner. Blood centers also do not track the vaccination status of donors. 

"The researchers noted that because donor vaccination status is not tracked, many patients seeking unvaccinated blood will ask from donations from family members or friends who they know are not vaccinated.

"The ability to donate blood to a specific person, however, depends on blood type, age and pre-existing conditions such as HIV or AIDS, hepatitis B or C, cancer and blood disorders such as hemophilia. 

"Directed donation requests can also force hospitals to skimp on or ignore screening processes used to ensure the safety of standard blood donations.  

"About 60 percent of the US population is eligible to donate blood, but only three percent donates, leaving the country in a severe blood shortage, according to the American Red Cross. The agency declared a severe shortage in January 2026 after the US blood supply fell 35 percent within a month, which could have been due to this year's harsh flu season. 

"In 2023, the Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies (AABB), American Red Cross and America’s Blood Centers issued a joint statement regarding the misinformation surrounding vaccinated blood. 

"'Blood donations from individuals who have received a COVID-19 vaccine approved or authorized for use in the US are safe for transfusion,' the agencies said.

"'Similar to other vaccines such as those for measles, mumps or influenza, COVID-19 vaccines are designed to generate an immune response to help protect an individual from illness, but vaccine components themselves do not replicate through blood transfusions or alter a blood recipients’ DNA.

'"In summary, there is no scientific evidence that demonstrates adverse outcomes from the transfusions of blood products collected from vaccinated donors and, therefore, no medical reason to distinguish or separate blood donations from individuals who have received a COVID-19 vaccination.'"

Friday, April 03, 2026

How To Persuade Older Antivaxxers To Get Vaccinated For COVID

This really amazes me. You'd think older people would know better by now and would need no urging to get their COVID vaccines. My father sure didn't need persuading, and neither did I. But of course, we grew up with common sense, not conspiracy theories, and we remember polio.

A doctor below says, "Many humans, especially those who already have concerns and distrust systems, don't like being told what to do,” Again, when you hear of thousands of people dying horribly, you are usually grateful to have a chance to get vaccinated and avoid the alternative.  

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Describing vaccines in terms of freedom can lead some hesitant older adults to accept COVID shots, study finds

Liz Szabo, MA, CIDRAP, April 2, 2026

"Vaccine-hesitant older adults were more willing to accept hypothetical COVID shots when they were described as way to preserve their freedom and autonomy rather than as an action that complies with government recommendations, a new study finds.

"In an experiment in which 907 participants were asked to rate their willingness to get a hypothetical COVID shot, many people concerned about vaccine safety responded favorably when researchers framed COVID vaccination as a way to maintain their freedom from disease and avoid restrictions on activities caused by illness. 

"Participants responded to an online survey about their concerns and beliefs about COVID shots, as well as their willingness to receive hypothetical vaccines with varying levels of effectiveness and side effects. Hypothetical vaccine choices were accompanied by additional reasons to vaccinate, including “personal freedom to do what you want to do,” “help prevent spread of disease,” and “comply with government recommendations.”

"People with vaccine concerns were 6.3 percentage points more likely to say they would accept a COVID shot if the survey listed autonomy as a benefit than if the survey mentioned government recommendations, according to the study, which was conducted in 2024 and published this week in JAMA Network Open.

"Talking about freedom also appealed to adults who believe misinformation about COVID shots, such as the false claim that vaccination will alter their DNA or implant microchips in their bodies. This group was 4.6 percentage points more likely to say they would agree to a COVID shot when hearing how vaccines could protect their liberty.

"Among people without serious concerns or misconceptions about COVID shots, so-called “freedom framing” didn’t change their willingness to be vaccinated, according to the study, led by researchers at the University of Houston’s C.T. Bauer College of Business. The average age of people in the study was 70. About 90% of participants were white. Political party affiliation was equally dived among Democrats, Republicans, and independents.

"Framing immunization as a way to protect others was associated with increased vaccine acceptance regardless of participants’ feelings about COVID shots.

“These findings suggest that non-authority-based message framing may influence stated vaccine acceptance,” the authors wrote in the study, noting that their finding has “implications for both targeted and broadly applicable communication strategies.”

Working to promote vaccination

"Although COVID shots have saved millions of lives, doctors and public health advocates have struggled to persuade people to be vaccinated. And while people age 65 or older have the highest risk of hospitalization or death from COVID-19 of any group, only 22% are up to date on COVID vaccines.

"Some public health advocates say they’re happy to have more evidence about how to talk to people with different views on vaccines.

“I'm really glad work like this is being published,” said Elisabeth Marnik, PhD, an immunologist and executive director of The Evidence Collective, a group of scientists and clinicians helping communities combat health misinformation. “Oftentimes, it feels like we are multiple steps behind in figuring out what framing actually is beneficial. This paper gives us great insights, and also highlights areas where we could benefit from additional investment.”

"Marnik said she uses freedom framing when talking to people who are hesitant about vaccination.

“Many humans, especially those who already have concerns and distrust systems, don't like being told what to do,” said Marnik, who wasn’t involved in the new research. “I have found authoritarian framing usually shuts down conversations, or results in them digging in their heels around the decision to not vaccinate.”

"Marnik said it’s important to listen to people’s concerns about vaccines.

“There is a lot of value in varying communication styles and knowing who your audience is,” Marnik said.

Language can bias how people view vaccines

"But some public health experts say freedom framing may be less influential in the real world than in the study, in which people were asked about hypothetical scenarios.

"Jess Steier, DrPH, founder and CEO of Unbiased Science, which provides evidence-based answers to pressing questions in public health, called the increases in vaccine acceptance related to freedom framing “pretty modest.” 

"Steier said the language used in the study may have biased some participants’ responses.

“The ‘comply with government recommendations’ framing is so explicitly compliance-oriented that it almost primes reactance on its own, which could artificially inflate how well freedom framing performs by contrast,” said Steier, who was also not involved in the new research. 

"When designing vaccination campaigns for a diverse audience, public health advocates may have the best overall success by pitching COVID shots as a way to protect others, Steier said, because that message seemed to appeal to everyone.

Trust matters when talking about vaccines

"The new study was conducted before Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. launched a wide-ranging assault on vaccines, and stopped recommending COVID vaccines for healthy children and pregnant women, who are at higher risk. Although a federal judge has put many of Kennedy’s policies on hold, surveys show that misinformation spread by the Trump administration is shaping public attitudes about health.

"Given the tectonic shifts in federal vaccine policy over the past year, people today may feel differently about COVID shots than they did two years ago, said David Higgins, MD, MPH, an assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Colorado Anschutz, who was not involved in the new research.

"Trust in federal health agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has fallen sharply since 2024, according to a study released in March from the University of Pennsylvania’s Annenberg Public Policy Center. Americans have more confidence in career scientists at those agencies and organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics, than they do the federal agency chiefs.

"The new vaccine study, which included older adults, also may not help health care providers talk to younger people, including parents of small children, Higgins added. 

“No single message works for all parents,” Higgins said. “Providing more information or trying to correct misconceptions alone often doesn’t change behavior and can even backfire. Trust in the messenger, relationships, and how messages are delivered are all important.”

Media Disappointedly Reports Good News Today

I am so used to seeing negative news headlines when it comes to the dishonest media reporting on Trump that I did a double-tale this morning at this 4-3-26 Newser headline. I wonder how much arm-twisting, teeth-gnashing, and liberal threats to quit went into this decision to actually report good news.

I had seen this Sasha Stone column yesterday, which just vindicated my own opinion of the mainstream media. And there's a joke about how the media would still find something critical to say even if Trump were to cure cancer.

Jobs Report Is Much Better Than Expected 

Employers added 178K new jobs last month, triple what economists had predicted  

"American employers added a surprisingly strong 178,000 new jobs last month, rebounding from a dismal February. And the unemployment rate dipped to 4.3%. The Labor Department reported Friday that hiring marked a rebound from the loss of 133,000 jobs in February, the AP reports. The February loss was revised up from 92,000. The job gains were about three times what economists had forecast. The unemployment rate was down from 4.4% in February. Economists polled by the Wall Street Journal had expected the Labor Department to report that companies, government agencies, and nonprofits added only around 60,000 jobs last month."

Thursday, April 02, 2026

Democrat "Values" Get People Killed

When I first heard of the hateful attacks on these heartfelt paintings in memory of Iryna, I realized that the Democrats would probably have no problem accepting murals of the vicious murderer of this lovely girl. Iryna symbolizes what this country has lost since Democrats and their states have become radicalized.

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Miranda Devine: Dems’ callous rebuke of an Iryna Zarutska mural exposes their own twisted, backwards ‘values’ 

4-1-26

"It’s fitting that the Iryna Zarutska mural in Providence, RI, is being removed on the say-so of the city’s lefty mayor before the artist could complete the murdered young woman’s face.

"Her long blond hair is there, and the outline of her beautiful features, but her identity is being erased by political sadists who do not want Americans to remember the 23-year-old Ukrainian refugee who was stabbed to death on a light rail train in Charlotte, NC, by a deranged homeless man with a long and violent rap sheet.

"Iryna fled a war zone, but it was more dangerous for her to ride public transport home from her job at a pizzeria in her work uniform at 9:45 p.m. on a Friday in a blue city.

"Providence Democrat Mayor Brett Smiley this week slammed the mural honoring her as “divisive and [it] does not represent Providence.”

"His equally callous Democrat stablemate, Rhode Island state Rep. David Morales, opined to a local NBC reporter that the artwork honoring Iryna “does not reflect” the “values” of Providence.

"Iryna fled a war zone, but it was more dangerous for her to ride public transport home from her job at a pizzeria in her work uniform at 9:45 p.m. on a Friday in a blue city.

"Providence Democrat Mayor Brett Smiley this week slammed the mural honoring her as “divisive and [it] does not represent Providence.”

"His equally callous Democrat stablemate, Rhode Island state Rep. David Morales, opined to a local NBC reporter that the artwork honoring Iryna “does not reflect” the “values” of Providence.

"What “values” might they be?

 "Values that pretend there is no violent crime problem in Democrat-run cities?

"Values that excuse the cold-blooded slaughter of an innocent young woman because she is white and her killer is black?

"Values that allow violent repeat felons to roam the streets freely in search of vulnerable prey?

"Values that defund the police so we have no protection from psychopaths who might want to slit our throats or push us in front of a subway on a whim?

"Values that demonize police and neuter their ability to beat crime in Democrat cities?

"Values that protect illegal migrant killers, rapists, pedophiles and assorted gangbangers from being deported?

"Values that place compassion for the violent predator above compassion for the victim?

"Values that hold “we can’t arrest our way out” of crime, as the idiot Charlotte Democrat mayor Vi Lyles said last August in lieu of an apology after Iryna’s murder?

"Values that want prisons to be abolished?

"Values that ignore the wishes of every American who just wants their loved ones to be safe coming home from work?

"Values that feign concern for women but conspire to hurt them?

"Values that make us all less free in our own cities?

"Those are the values that the ironically named Smiley and Morales believe in, because these are the values of the revolutionary left that has colonized their party.

"They want social chaos and moral dysfunction because that frightens the citizenry and makes us all easier to manipulate.

Emotional expression

"The murals that are being painted all over the country in honor of Iryna are part grassroots expression and partly a project of Elon Musk and another compassionate tech CEO, Eoghan McCabe.

"They felt the same horror and sadness any normal person did when they watched the surveillance footage of Iryna being attacked, slumping to the floor, and bleeding to death alone while fellow passengers watched.

"They put their money where their hearts were so we would not forget Iryna, who symbolizes all the other innocent victims who are so inconvenient to the leftist project.

"As thanks, their community service is demonized as “fascist” by the likes of Smiley and Morales and the Brooklyn lefties who deface the Iryna mural in their patch.

"The Iryna murals in blue cities are regularly vandalized in some demonic expression of hatred for innocence.

"By contrast, Democrats valorized the convicted violent felon and drug addict George Floyd as a saint with countless murals all over the country that are treated as reverently as shrines.

"Blue city officials painted giant Black Lives Matter logos on roads to commemorate Floyd and the violent Antifa-driven riots that engulfed the country after his death.

"The white cop convicted of Floyd’s second-degree murder, Derek Chauvin, was convicted to great acclaim and locked in jail for more than 22 years because, when it suits them politically, Democrats are very tough on crime.

"When a black cop, Michael Byrd, shot dead an unarmed white woman, Iraq war veteran Ashli Babbitt, on January 6, 2021, during the Capitol riot, Democrats conspired to hide his identity, pay him secret bonuses, and ensure he suffered no consequences.

"The Democrats who run Providence love Floyd and oppose immigration enforcement against the illegal alien criminals who roam freely in their sanctuary city.

"Smiley has signed executive orders in 2025 and 2026 that ban Providence police from helping ICE. Morales called ICE a “rogue agency” that is “murdering” people and must be “abolished”.

"In the last year, ICE has arrested multiple illegal alien perverts on child sex charges, with zero help from local authorities.

"Those are the “values” Democrats like Smiley and Morales uphold.

"Yet they still win elections.

"Go figure."

Time for The Attorney General Shuffle!

What a surprise to hear that Pam Bondi has been fired as Attorney General, with Todd Blanche taking over in the interim.

They said some people were angry at how she dealt with the Epstein Files.  Why, because she didn't link Trump to Epstein? 

Whatever the reason, I can think of another tough lady who could do that job --an even tougher lady: Judge Jeannine Pirro.

She is currently the U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia, but she'd make a great Attorney General. She has no patience for crime, terrorism, fraud, and irresponsibility.

They are talking about current EPA Administration Lee Zeldin for the job of A.G., and  I wouldn't have any problem with his nomination. He ran for Governor of New York in 2022, and if he had beaten the awful Kathy Hochul, New York would be in a better place today.

Wednesday, April 01, 2026

Caitlin Rivers' Force of Infection, 4-1-26

The Force of Infection newsletter is in the process of moving from Substack, and this is the first issue at their new location.

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The "Cicada" Variant: What We Know. 
Here is what we know about a new Covid-19 variant in the headlines, nicknamed 'cicada'.


Gage Moreno, 4-1-26

A new Covid-19 variant has been making headlines lately, and this one has an unusual name. BA.3.2, nicknamed "cicada", has been detected in at least 25 U.S. states and 23 countries. Here's what we know so far.

Why "cicada"?

Cicadas are famous for spending years underground before emerging in enormous numbers, sometimes after 13 or 17 years of dormancy. BA.3.2 follows a loosely similar pattern: it was first identified in South Africa in November 2024, circulated at very low levels for over a year largely under the radar, and then emerged more forcefully in Europe last fall before spreading broadly this winter. That pattern of persistence followed by sudden resurgence is what earned it the unofficial nickname.

What makes this variant different?

Most people remember Omicron, the variant that swept through in late 2021 and displaced earlier SARS-CoV-2 strains. BA.3.2 belongs to that same family but has followed a different evolutionary path. Recent Omicron descendants such as JN.1 and LP.8.1–the strains targeted by the current 2025–2026 vaccine–carry on the order of 30–40 mutations in the spike protein. In contrast, BA.3.2 has accumulated roughly 70–75.

That level of divergence is notable, particularly because many of these mutations are concentrated in the spike protein, the part of the virus that binds to human cells and the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. In laboratory studies, the current vaccine appears somewhat less effective at neutralizing or protecting against BA.3.2. However, laboratory experiments do not always translate directly into real-world outcomes.

A graphic showing SARS-CoV-2 variant evolution over time.
Should we be worried?

"BA.3.2 is being closely monitored because its highly divergent spike protein may allow it to partially evade existing immunity from vaccination or prior infection. That could increase the likelihood of reinfection at the population level.

"At the same time, immune evasion does not necessarily mean more severe disease, and the early epidemiologic signals are reassuring. Whether BA.3.2 will drive a substantial wave in the United States remains uncertain, and will depend on both its intrinsic transmissibility and the current immune landscape of the population. But so far, BA.3.2 shows no evidence of higher case numbers or increased severity. WHO assessments have found no evidence of increased hospitalizations, ICU admissions, or deaths associated with the variant.

"Symptoms are similar to other SARS-CoV-2 variants (i.e. cough, fever, fatigue, congestion), and remains susceptible to antivirals like Paxlovid. Laboratory data indicate that BA.3.2 is resistant to several commonly used monoclonal antibodies, including cilgavimab, bebtelovimab, and sotrovimab, but remains sensitive to tixagevimab.

"As of mid-March, BA.3.2 accounted for less than 1% of sequenced cases in the U.S., though wastewater monitoring shows gradual increases.

What about a second vaccine dose for seniors and high-risk individuals?

"This is a practical question where the guidance is clear, even if some of the underlying science is still evolving. The current Covid-19 vaccine formulation, based on recent Omicron-lineage strains (including JN.1 and closely related variants), is expected to remain in place until fall 2026, when an updated version may be introduced. For most healthy adults, a single annual dose is recommended. 

"For older adults, immunocompromised individuals, and those with chronic conditions, the recommendations are different. Protection from vaccination declines over time, and these groups both start from a lower peak response and face a higher risk of severe outcomes if infected. For this group, a second dose is recommended at least 6 months after the first.

"We do not yet have definitive real-world data on how well the current vaccine performs specifically against BA.3.2. However, across multiple Omicron waves, a consistent pattern has held: booster doses restored protection against severe disease, even when protection against infection was reduced. That prior evidence is what current recommendations are based on.

"In that context, a second dose spaced roughly six months after the last vaccination is a reasonable way to maintain protection through higher-risk periods. If it has been six months or more since your last dose, discussing a booster with a healthcare provider is a well-supported step, particularly with a variant in circulation that may partially evade existing immunity.

"The broader guidance remains the same. Stay home when sick, use masks in higher-risk indoor settings if appropriate, attend to ventilation, and keep home tests on hand. These tests target conserved regions of the virus and are expected to remain effective for BA.3.2."

Tuesday, March 31, 2026

What Happened to NATO?!

I thought NATO was all about mutual aid and defense. Just now I saw headlines on TV saying that Spain is closing its air space, and Italy is closing its bases, to American involvement in Iran. 

I never thought I'd see the day when we would get more cooperation from the Gulf States than from our NATO allies.  

Are they infected with sudden Trump Derangement Syndrome, are they afraid of offending Islam, or is it something else?

We sure could use Winston Churchill just about now.

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NATO Nations Defy Trump, Refuse To Help With Iran War

Newsweek 3-31-26

"Several of the United States' closest allies in Europe have curbed U.S. military access to their airspace or bases on their territory, a sign of further rupture that European officials have sought to play down despite obvious anger from the White House.

"The limits on access for U.S. jets and weapons heading for the Middle East to strike Iran come after European nations were caught off guard by the start of U.S.-Israeli operations on February 28, then quickly distanced themselves from the aerial bombardment now well into its fifth week with no visible end in sight.

"Thousands of specialized U.S. Army paratroopers started to arrive in the region in recent days, further fueling concerns that the U.S. could escalate the conflict by invading Iranian soil even as President Donald Trump insists the U.S. is in talks with Tehran.

"Trump on Tuesday accused France of closing its airspace to aircraft carrying weapons for the war to Israel, just hours after it emerged that Italy's government had refused permission for U.S. bombers bound for the Middle East to land at one of its bases.

"Thousands of specialized U.S. Army paratroopers started to arrive in the region in recent days, further fueling concerns that the U.S. could escalate the conflict by invading Iranian soil even as President Donald Trump insists the U.S. is in talks with Tehran.

"Trump on Tuesday accused France of closing its airspace to aircraft carrying weapons for the war to Israel, just hours after it emerged that Italy's government had refused permission for U.S. bombers bound for the Middle East to land at one of its bases.

"Spain has publicly said it has shuttered its airspace to any U.S. military flights linked to the war and blocked U.S. access to two major bases in the south of the country. 

"The U.K., which has long touted a special relationship with the U.S., was forced to greenlight American forces using British bases for operations targeting Iran earlier this month after insisting U.S. personnel could use the facilities only for defense. The British government announced on Tuesday that it would send extra troops and air defense systems to the Middle East.

"All four countries are significant powers in NATO, an alliance Trump has blasted as "cowards" for refusing to be drawn into the more than four weeks of aerial assaults on Iran or operations in the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz.

"Spain's left-wing government has denounced the Iran war as illegal and immoral, while Italian leader Giorgia Meloni—a right-wing Trump ally—has criticized the conflict as "outside the scope of international law."

"Trump's ire is clear. Nations that have resisted becoming embroiled in the war should "build up some delayed courage" and deploy forces to the Strait of Hormuz, he said on Tuesday." 

Your Local Epidemiologist: The Dose, 3-31-26

Here's another informative issue of The Dose by Your Local Epidemiologist, Katelyn Jetelina:

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A new covid variant called Cicada, ticks and a new Lyme vaccine, common cold, and good news.  The Dose (March 31)

Katelyn Jetelina, Mar 31, 2026

Good morning!

Spring is here, and so is a shift in what’s circulating. Flu season is officially behind us, tick season is just getting started, and a new Covid-19 variant is making the rounds in the news and on social media (but has not yet been felt in hospitals). And with Lyme disease season upon us, the news of a long-awaited vaccine couldn’t be more timely, though there are some real caveats worth understanding.

Here’s what’s going on and, more importantly, what it means for you.


Disease “weather” report: what’s spreading right now?

Good riddance, flu season. We are officially out, as rates have now fallen below the “epidemic threshold.” Some states are still high, like New Mexico, but the trend is the same. The other main fall/winter viruses, including RSV and Covid-19 are all decreasing, too.

Odds are that if you get sick in the next month or two, it will be the common cold (the gray line below). This will continue to increase until May/June.

Percent of positive tests for respiratory viruses. Source: NREVSS; Annotated by Your Local Epidemiologist

Enter tick season. Emergency department visits for tick bites are low but climbing, which is normal for this time of year. Expect two waves: one peaking in May and another in mid-October. By year’s end, more than 500,000 people will likely be diagnosed and treated for Lyme disease.

Source: CDC Tick Bite Data Tracker; Annotated by Your Local Epidemiologist.

Ticks thrive in warm, lush spring environments and can carry pathogens responsible for over a dozen diseases. Lyme is the most well-known. It can cause flu-like symptoms and, if untreated, serious complications including neurological and cardiac issues.

Not all ticks carry disease. Risk depends on the species, geography, and duration of a tick’s attachment. Currently, tick-borne illnesses are most concentrated in the Northeast, with emergency department (ED) visits at 13 per 100,000 people.

What this means for you: You can take several steps to protect yourself from ticks, including applying DEET or picaridin, treating clothing and gear with products containing 0.5% permethrin, and conducting thorough tick checks after engaging in outdoor activities. Here is a YLE deep dive on tick threats.


A new Covid-19 variant is getting attention. What’s going on?

Covid-19 continues to mutate, and the latest variant attracting attention is BA.3.2 (nicknamed “Cicada”), a descendant of Omicron that has been circulating globally for some time.

BA.3.2 now accounts for 11% of U.S. cases, but it’s too early to tell how quickly it’s growing. What is clear is that it has yet to trigger a surge. Wastewater levels, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations all remain low. Historically, a variant doesn’t drive a significant new wave until it reaches ~50% of cases.

% of circulating variants for Covid-19. Source: CDC; Annotated by Your Local Epidemiologist.

What’s drawing attention is the spike protein, which has 75 mutations compared with the strains included in last fall’s Covid-19 vaccines. The spike protein acts like a key that unlocks our cells, and when that key changes enough, existing antibodies struggle to recognize and block it. Lab studies confirm this is happening, but antibodies are just one layer of defense. The immune system has other tools that protect against serious illness, and current immunity is expected to hold up.

One thing researchers are actively tracking: early signals suggest BA.3.2 may be infecting kids at higher rates than previous variants. It’s hard to know whether this is real or just random chance, but if it is real, it’s likely due to a combination of many factors. For example, younger kids might not have seen as many Covid-19 variants or had as many coronavirus infections as adults, so they might be less immune to it.

Q: Could this cause a spring/summer wave? A: We have very little data on how fast this is growing, so time will tell. My guess is this will cause a spring/summer wave, but not a nothing burger or a tsunami.

Q: Should people over 65 get a spring Covid-19 shot? A: If it’s been at least three months since your last dose, a spring shot is a reasonable call. Timing it around May or June tends to align well with how Covid-19 seasons typically play out.

Q: Is a second shot within a year a booster? Or is it only a booster if the formulation is different? A: The term gets thrown around loosely. Generally, a booster means a repeat dose of the same vaccine, not necessarily a new formulation. The strains for the next updated Covid-19 vaccine haven’t been selected yet, so there’s no new version available right now. If a pharmacist tells you there’s no booster available, they may be thinking specifically of an updated formulation. A repeat dose of the current vaccine is still an option worth asking about.

Q: Could BA.3.2 spark the next pandemic? A: No. In fact, researchers have argued that another coronavirus pandemic is now less likely, not more, precisely because Covid-19 and the vaccines that followed built widespread, robust immunity across the global population.


A Lyme disease vaccine may finally be on the horizon

Ticks spread Lyme disease, one of the most common and debilitating infections in the country, and for the first time in over two decades, a vaccine to prevent it may finally be on the way. The only vaccine we had before, LYMErix, was pulled from the market in 2002. Not because it was unsafe (the FDA found no real problems) but because rumors about arthritis side effects, amplified by bad press and lawsuits, scared people.

Now Pfizer and French vaccine company Valneva have announced their new vaccine candidate worked in more than 70% of cases in a large late-stage trial of 9,400 people aged five and older.

How does the Lyme disease vaccine work?

The vaccine works differently from most other vaccines in a very cool way. Instead of just protecting you, it actually works inside the tick:

  1. The vaccine trains your body to make antibodies against a protein (called OspA) found on Lyme-causing bacteria.

  2. When a tick bites you, it drinks your blood along with those antibodies.

  3. The antibodies neutralize the bacteria in the tick’s gut, stopping it from ever reaching its salivary glands and getting into you.

Graphic from Janet Loehrke at USA TODAY. Annotated by Your Local Epidemiologist.

But there are a few things worth understanding

  • The trial hit a statistical snag. The trial had fewer Lyme disease cases than expected, making the results too uncertain to be conclusive. Researchers had planned two ways to measure the vaccine’s effectiveness before the study began: one starting 28 days after the final dose, which fell just short of the required confidence threshold, and one starting the day after the final dose, which cleared it. Pfizer cited both results in deciding to seek regulatory approval.

  • The regulatory path is murky. The manufacturer will seek FDA approval, and if granted, the vaccine will go to ACIP for a policy recommendation. The problem: ACIP currently has no members. What happens next is genuinely unclear.

  • The bigger question is whether people will actually use it. The vaccine requires four doses over about a year, plus what looks like an annual booster before tick season. That’s a real commitment. Lyme disease is far better known today than it was in 2002, which gives people more reason to seek protection. But wanting a vaccine and completing every dose are two very different things.


Good news

  • Big Tech’s Big Tobacco moment. Last week, a Los Angeles court found Meta and YouTube negligent in the design of their platforms, ruling that features like infinite scroll and autoplay deliberately built addiction into the apps, and that executives knew it and failed to protect young users. The decision could set a precedent for more than 1,500 similar pending cases.

  • TB rates are falling after years of post-pandemic rise. New CDC data show that last year, 10,260 TB cases were reported, representing a 2% decline in the national rate compared with the year before. Cases fell across 26 states and Washington, D.C.

  • Birthday celebration! Remember that infant botulism outbreak? Amy Mazziotti, mother of Hank, who was hospitalized for 12 days for botulism after drinking ByHeart baby formula, just celebrated Hank’s first birthday. She received a letter from the public health response team that helped her. Each year, this public health team mails roughly 200 cards to babies who recovered from botulism. Program assistant Robin Hinks decorates them with drawings, like frogs in party hats and penguins with balloons. A small, loving, above-and-beyond act. Read more about this from Matt over at YLE CA.


Bottom line

The seasonal transition brings real shifts in disease risk, and a little awareness goes a long way. Have a wonderful week!

Love, YLE


Your Local Epidemiologist (YLE) is founded and operated by Dr. Katelyn Jetelina, MPH PhD—an epidemiologist, wife, and mom of two little girls. YLE reaches over 425,000 people in over 132 countries with one goal: “Translate” the ever-evolving public health science so that people will be well-equipped to make evidence-based decisions.

Monday, March 30, 2026

The Bravest Comeback: Gary Woodland

Yesterday I was rooting for Gary Woodland to win the Texas Children's Houston Open, as I've always liked him, and because I knew this would be his first victory since his 2023 brain surgery.

What I didn't know until yesterday was that he is still suffering from overwhelming PTSD as a result of that surgery. To play a competitive game like golf while fighting fear, anxiety, and the feeling you're about to die is something I doubt too many people can do.

He ended up winning the tournament yesterday with everyone cheering for him. The will and guts it has taken him to deal with these obstacles in such a major way is incredibly inspiring.

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Gary Woodland wins 2026 Houston Open following emotional PTSD revelation
By Cameron Jourdan, Golfweek 3-29-26

"Gary Woodland was on an island. This time, it was one worth being stranded on.

"He strolled down the fairway of Memorial Park, his caddie Brennan Little flanking him nearby, but the stage was Woodland's. His playing partners, Min Woo Lee and Nicolai Hojgaard, walked about 50 yards behind, raising their arms and encouraging the crowd’s chants that began to rain down.

“Gary, Gary, Gary,” the Houstonites chanted, growing louder as Woodland summited the 18th green and looked to close out one of the most impressive victories in the history of the sport.

"The 41-year-old, who three years ago had surgery to remove a brain lesion and revealed earlier this month he struggles with PTSD as a side effect of that, won the Texas Children’s Houston Open on Sunday. Last year, he finished runner-up at Memorial Park, his best finish since returning from surgery. He did one better this year, as as the crowd chanted his name when the final putt dropped, the emotion poured out of Woodland in the form of tears, deep breaths and a realization that he can overcome anything. 

"Obviously coming out with what I'm battling a couple weeks ago definitely freed me up a little bit," Woodland said. "It took a lot off my plate. It allowed me to focus my energy where I need to and that's on me and taking care of myself so I can chase my dreams and I can -- like I said, when I said what I said and came out with it, it was like if it gives me enough energy for one better shot a round or if it gives me five more minutes that I can spend with my kids when I'm home, then it's doing that. It's helped me. I wasn't in a place to do it a long time ago, a year ago, I can tell you, but we're getting better."

"Woodland’s march to victory, his first win since capturing the U.S. Open at Pebble Beach in 2019, was years in the making. It started slowly, as he returned to the sport following brain surgery at the 2024 Sony Open. Then he reunited with coach Randy Smith, who at one point called him soft and told him he needed to start swinging harder and playing with the tenacity that helped him win a major championship.

"Then came the emotional interview 20 days ago at the Players Championship, when Woodland revealed on Golf Channel he deals with PTSD and how it has affected him on the golf course. That revelation helped ease stress on Woodland: why was he trying to hide what he was going through when he couldn't control what was affecting his day-to-day life? Woodland said it felt like 1,000 pounds was lifted off his shoulders.

"On Sunday evening, he gained some weight back, but this time it was from hauling around his latest trophy.

"I've known my game's trending in the right direction for a long time," Woodland said. "I just haven't seen any results. I saw some signs last week, I really did. I don't know what I finished, 14th, I think, but I played a lot better than that. I just haven't had any confidence, but I haven't had any energy to do it, too.

"It's been tough. There's been -- the start of this year, those four weeks I played, I was in a dark place. Luckily, I had a week or two off there and kind of reset a little bit. Then I decided to come out with this and kind of got some confidence last week. It's kind of just continuing that, down that road. I'm definitely in a better place than I was a month ago."

"Woodland began the day with a one-shot lead. By the time he made the turn, he led by six shots over Hojgaard. Woodland birdied four of his final five holes, including Nos. 7-9, the only player to accomplish the feat all week.

"On the back nine, he led by as many as seven shots. Woodland stood on the tee at the 18th hole with a four-shot lead and ended up winning by five, finishing at 21-under 259 for the week.

"Even better, the win gets him into the Masters in two week’s time at Augusta National. 

"Another reason for Woodland's resurgence was a change in iron shafts this week. He went back to the KBS C-Taper 130 X, the shafts he used when he won the U.S. Open in 2019. It's a stiff shaft for faster swing speeds, and the change proved pivotal.

"When Smith and Woodland partnered up again a couple years ago, Smith told Woodland he needed to stop swinging softly at the ball and get back to what he was doing best, trying to pulverize the golf ball. His old shafts didn't allow him to do that with control. This week, Woodland ranked seventh in Strokes Gained: Approach, but he was first in putting, gaining 8.325 strokes with the flat stick.

"He's more than a golf coach to me. He's always been that way," Woodland said of Smith. "Obviously I got out here with him in 2009 as a rookie. I won for the first time with him in 2011. But when I got -- when I came back from brain surgery and I was in a tough spot, it was my wife's idea. She pulled me aside and said, I've left you alone for 16 years with your profession, I've never said a word, but you need to call Randy back.

"And I needed him for more than golf. He stepped up and he's helped me get to this point right here."

"Often times in golf, players get stranded or often get lost and never find their way back. Woodland was himself on an island, though something out of his control put him there.

"He not only found his way back, but he put together one of the most inspiring performances in recent PGA Tour memory.

"I've talked to some veterans that told me you can't do this on your own, you've got to talk," Woodland said. "And it was just time. My therapist, my wife more than anybody keep telling me I've got to take care of myself before I can help people. That's hard, I want to help people. I've realized after the first four weeks when I played how hard it was on me, that I had to take care of myself because I was getting off. That interview was the first step in that."

Dr Ruth Report 3-29-26

Here's the latest informative newsletter from Dr Ruth Ann Crystal. I'm always impressed by the amount of detail and the helpful information in each issue.

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Dr. Ruth Report, 3/29/2026

Respiratory Illness Summary

COVID levels continue to decrease, RSV is still high in some places, and Flu B is high in the Northeast, but overall influenza has now decreased across most of the country.

From: https://data.wastewaterscan.org/

The Durham County Department of Health had a good infographic this week regarding allergies vs. respiratory infections. If you have itchy eyes with that sneezing, it is probably allergies. But, if you have a fever or body aches with sneezing or a cough, it may be a viral infection.

RSV

RSV activity started later than expected in most regions of the United States, though illness is not more severe compared with recent seasons. This unusual timing means that higher levels of RSV activity may continue into April in many regions. Emergency department visits and hospitalizations for RSV are highest among infants and children less than 4 years old.” Babies can receive monoclonal antibodies to help protect them from RSV.

COVID

COVID levels in wastewater are currently HIGH in the Northeastern states, moderate across the Midwest and South, and are low in the West.

COVID Variants

BA.3.2

Interest in the BA.3.2 variant has increased this week following the release of a new MMWR report on the worldwide surveillance of COVID variant BA.3.2. The BA.3.2 variant was first identified in South Africa at the end of 2024. It is an unusual variant because it has over 70 new mutations relative to JN.1, and its descendants, which have been circulating since 2023.

BA.3.2, also known as “Cicada”, has been reported in 23 countries on 4 continents in 2026. The concern is that if it gains more mutations, it could lead to a large COVID wave. But at this point, other COVID variants that are more immune evasive have been causing bigger increases in COVID than BA.3.2.

Ryan Hisner posted this week that BA.3.2 may infect children more often. He reviewed information from European countries that post age related data (Ireland, Spain, France, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg) in this thread which showed that BA.3.2 was responsible for more COVID infections in children. He posted, “Children are less likely to have been vaccinated or infected with pre-Omicron variants, so you would expect their immune response to vary from adults’, primarily by being more Omicron-specific. I don’t understand why that would translate to greater vulnerability to BA.3.2, but there it is.”

Hisner continued, “There’s not much BA.3.2 in the US yet, but the numbers are still pretty striking. Ages 0-18 are more than 5 times as common in BA.3.2 sequences as in non-BA.3.2 sequences.”

Acute COVID infections, General COVID info

Epithelial cells line organs such as the lungs and endothelial cells line blood vessels in the body. Australian researchers used a human lung barrier model of co-cultured human lung epithelial and endothelial cells and found that IL-1β and TNF are major drivers of the endothelial injury and clotting problems seen in acute COVID-19. This work adds to the idea that inflammation spilling over from infected airway cells, not direct viral invasion, may damage blood vessels in severe COVID infection.

A new preprint from India shows that the SARS-CoV-2 PLpro enzyme can directly weaken epithelial barriers in both Drosophila fly and mammalian models. PLpro-associated breakdown of epithelial barriers can trigger stress, inflammation, and cell death, suggesting PLpro is a key driver of COVID-related tissue injury beyond viral replication.

In Brazil and Mexico, a 64 patient study found that SARS-CoV-2 non-spike proteins, especially the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein, may hijack mucosal epithelial cells pushing them into a less mature, damaged state before obvious pathology appears. Calponin 2 (CNN2) emerged as a possible driver of that process, pointing to a potential target for treatments.

A preprint from China suggests that the coronavirus envelope E protein (CoV-E) may disrupt iron sensing inside cells through the TAp73-FDXR axis, leading to iron buildup that could help coronaviruses to replicate. The authors developed a new molecule, DPTP-FC, which alleviates iron accumulation and tissue damage caused by several coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.

Pregnancy

Babies under 6 months cannot be vaccinated against COVID, but maternal mRNA vaccination during pregnancy offers early protection. In a large University of Oslo study of 146,031 infants in Norway (2020–2023), babies exposed to maternal COVID mRNA vaccination were about half as likely to be hospitalized for COVID in the first 2 months of life. Protection declined to 24% by months 3 to 5 and disappeared after 6 months, with no increased risk of other infections. COVID vaccination in pregnancy helps protect both mother and baby.

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Antiviral treatments

After a successful Phase 3 trial, the COVID antiviral medication Ensitrelvir has now been approved in Japan, not just for COVID treatment, but also for post-exposure prevention of COVID. If broader regulators agree, this could give exposed high-risk patients a new oral option beyond vaccination alone. “Ensitrelvir is currently under review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention of COVID‑19 following exposure, with a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) target action date of June 16, 2026. Ensitrelvir is also under regulatory review with the European Medicines Agency for COVID-19 post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment.”

In a New England cohort of 19,413 adults with COVID infection, Paxlovid did not reduce overall Long COVID risk. However, Paxlovid use was associated with a 37% reduction in gastrointestinal PASC and a 17% reduction in Long COVID risk among non-hospitalized adults aged 65–75, but an increased risk of eye and ear-related symptoms. These findings suggest that Paxlovid’s impact on Long COVID varies by organ system and patient age rather than providing uniform protection.

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Long COVID

Dr. Elisa Perego, an archaeologist and research fellow at University College London, coined the term “Long COVID” in 2020. She has now written a narrative review on Long COVID synthesizing current definitions, epidemiology, and mechanisms of this complex, multisystem condition that affects approximately 400 million people worldwide. The review highlights overlapping drivers of Long COVID including viral persistence, immune dysregulation, microbiome dysbiosis, endothelial dysfunction, and autoimmunity, which together can impact multiple organs and lead to prolonged symptoms. The paper emphasizes that Long COVID is not a single disease, but a heterogeneous syndrome requiring multidisciplinary approaches to diagnosis and care.

Researchers in the Netherlands studied IgG from 34 patients with Long COVID and identified three subgroups based on GFAP, NFL, and interferon-β levels in their blood. When transferred into mice, these antibodies induced pain behaviors, showing a direct pathogenic effect. Autoantibody patterns were subgroup-specific and persisted for up to two years, with IgG retaining pain-inducing activity over time.

From: https://www.cell.com/cell-reports-medicine/fulltext/S2666-3791(26)00110-2

“Microtesla Magnetic Therapy (MMT) is a low-amplitude radiofrequency magnetic field intervention that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in preclinical models.” A small randomized trial of 30 people with Long COVID brain fog found that at-home microtesla magnetic therapy (MMT) was feasible, appeared safe, and showed sustained clinically meaningful improvements across multiple cognitive domains and mood at 8 weeks. This was a pilot study and larger randomized trials are needed to confirm that MMT can help people with Long COVID cognitive and mood issues.

Mount Sinai researchers and collaborators analyzed data from 4,244 Visible app users with complex illnesses like Long COVID and ME/CFS and found that higher morning heart rate and lower heart rate variability (HRV) predicted worse fatigue, brain fog, and crashes later that day. Smartphone and wearable data appear to show real-world utility for symptom prediction in complex chronic illnesses.

Researchers in Pavia, Italy studied autonomic function in 37 post-acute COVID patients (<120 days since infection), 36 long-term COVID patients (≥120 days), and 50 matched healthy controls. Both COVID groups showed signs of autonomic dysfunction, including lower heart rate variability and reduced baroreflex sensitivity, with slightly greater abnormalities earlier after infection, even in patients without orthostatic symptoms. The findings suggest that autonomic dysfunction can persist after SARS-CoV-2 infection even when typical orthostatic symptoms are not present.

UCSF and Yale researchers characterized autoantibody profiles in 111 post-COVID participants with neurological symptoms or cognitive impairment and found no single shared autoantibody signature across the group. Individual patients showed distinct and heterogeneous autoantibody patterns, indicating that neurological Long COVID and brain fog are unlikely to stem from a uniform antibody-mediated mechanism.

Researchers used a protein microarray to measure IgA antibodies in saliva in post-COVID patients with depression, healthy controls, and non-COVID depressed patients. 65 IgA autoantibodies targeting human proteins were identified exclusively in the post-COVID depression group, with several of the recognized antigens linked to neurological function. The results suggest that post-COVID depression may involve a distinct mucosal autoimmune response in each patient, with salivary IgA profiles as potential non-invasive biomarkers, though the study size is small and findings are preliminary.

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Measles

As of March 26, 2026, 1,575 confirmed measles cases were reported in the United States in 2026, with 5% (78 of 1,575 cases) noted to be hospitalized.

The South Carolina Department of Public Health reported no new cases of measles in the state since Tuesday, keeping the total number of measles cases in South Carolina at 997 since the outbreak started in October 2025.

In Utah, 486 people have been diagnosed with measles in this outbreak, with 107 new cases reported in the last 3 weeks.

Polio

The CDC has issued Level 2 precautions for polio in Germany, Poland, and the United Kingdom after recent cases there. Travelers should be up to date on polio vaccination, and adults who completed the polio routine vaccination series may receive a single lifetime polio booster before travel. These polio precautions also exist for many countries in Africa, Pakistan and Israel.

Polio has been detected in these countries over the last 13 months:

From:https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/level2/global-polio#xd_co_f=MDVmY2Q4YzItNWUxOC00NjQ1LWIxZDgtODg5NTA5YWFmNzU1~

Government Health News

A new article in the BMJ shows that international maternal mortality is linked to changes in United States presidential parties. Researchers analyzed World Bank data from 150 countries (1985–2023) and found that switches from Democratic to Republican U.S. administrations correlate with a 10.5% rise in maternal deaths in countries with above-average reliance on US family planning aid, equaling to about 45 additional maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Family planning aid averages 48% higher under Democratic administrations, and the mortality gap narrows when the Global Gag Rule (GGR) is not in force.

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Other news

I am excited to announce that our new website is live at VivaBiome.com. We’d love for you to take a look and let us know what you think. If you happen to spot any bugs or have feedback on how we can improve your experience, please feel free to drop us a note at info@vivabiome.com.

From: https://vivabiome.com/

A group from the Arc Institute posted about their new article in Nature showing how “the gut can drive age-associated memory loss.” Aging is associated with lower gut microbial diversity which has been linked with frailty. The Thaiss and Levy labs found that certain bacteria in the gut microbiome of older mice, particularly P. goldsteinii, make medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) which negatively affect memory and are associated with cognitive decline. Lowering the MCFAs in the mice using bacteriophages improved memory. Vagus nerve stimulation with the gut hormone CCK or with GLP-1 receptor agonists also reversed age-related memory deficits.

From: https://arcinstitute.org/news/gut-drives-memory-loss

CNBC reports that the average price of menstrual products like tampons and sanitary pads has skyrocketed by almost 40% over the last several years due to inflation and tariffs.

An interesting article from October 2025 shows that an antibody called 04_A06 broadly neutralizes HIV and may be used in the future for treating and preventing HIV infection.

Project CETI researchers documented the first detailed video and audio recording of a sperm whale birth, publishing their findings about social behavior and whale communication in Science and in Nature magazines. Eleven female sperm whales from two different pods formed a protective circle and took turns lifting the newborn calf to the surface so that it could breathe. Onlookers included nearby pilot whales and Fraser’s dolphins. The event highlights a high level of social coordination, complex communication, and caregiving behaviors in sperm whale societies.

Photo from Project CETI

From: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady9280

Have a good week,

Ruth Ann Crystal MD