Cumulative Confirmed COVID-19 Cases

Tuesday, March 25, 2025

Avoid Heart Attacks By Avoiding COVID

From 7 KPLC, Lake Charles, LA, 3/25/25:

COVID linked to twofold increased risk of heart attack

"CLEVELAND, Ohio. (Ivanhoe Newswire) - When COVID-19 swept across the globe, isolation, social distancing and wearing masks became the norm. Since then, more than 20 million people have lost their lives to the virus. And now, a new risk for anyone who has ever tested positive.

“What was surprising to find is just having a COVID-19-positive test was associated with a twofold increased risk in heart attack, stroke, and death risk,” said Stanley Hazen, MD, cardiologist for Preventative Cardiology & Rehabilitation at Cleveland Clinic.

"In a study of more than 250,000 people, Dr. Hazen found that the risk wasn’t just immediately after the virus runs its course.

“The risk extends for as long as follow-up information was available. So as far out to three years,” he told Ivanhoe.

"And the worse the infection, the higher the risk of heart attack, stroke, and death.

“People who had severe COVID were at an even substantial increased risk, not twofold, but like three to sevenfold increased risk. If they had severe COVID, meaning they were hospitalized for their COVID, the risk was equivalent as if they had one heart attack,” stated Dr. Hazen.

"And the long-term risk for heart disease following a COVID infection was true for anyone, even if you don’t have any other risk factors of heart disease.

COVID doesn’t care if you’re a man or a woman, young or old, have disease or not,” explained Dr. Hazen.

"What can you do?

“So preventive efforts such as vaccines and boosters we anticipate will reduce your long-term risk for post-COVID cardiovascular disease,” said Dr. Hazen.

"He hopes physicians will now ask their patients about their COVID history and help protect their hearts, as well.

"Previous research found that people who have A, B or AB blood types are more susceptible to contracting COVID-19. And now this new study found people who got COVID and have a blood type other than O had a 65% risk of experiencing a heart attack or stroke, compared to people who are type O."

Monday, March 24, 2025

Caitlin Rivers' Outbreak Outlook - National - March 24

Here's Dr. Caitlin Rivers' latest Outbreak Outlook newsletter:

Outbreak Outlook - National - March 24

Respiratory Diseases

Influenza-like illness

Influenza-like illness continues to ease. During the week ending March 15, 3.9% of visits to the doctor were for fever and cough or sore throat (also known as outpatient ILI), down from 4.3% the week prior.

Regular readers may recall that we had two peaks this season, one at 6.8% and the other at 7.8%. So, we have come a long way, but we are still working towards the 3% threshold that marks the end of flu season.

All age groups are enjoying improvements, with outpatient ILI in the 0-4 year olds declining to 10.4%, down from this season's high of 18.1%. Outpatient ILI in school age kids is at 6.2%, and all of the older age groups are 3.5% and under. More severe illness, as measured by the percentage of emergency department visits that are for influenza, has also declined substantially across all age groups. However, emergency department visits for influenza remain elevated compared to the off-season.

The proportion of activity that is flu B is increasing, now at 6%. I can attest—it hit my house this week. We diagnosed through an at-home antigen test that looks for SARS-CoV-2, flu A, and flu B. I found the test to be pretty handy, though a little expensive. Flu B activity generally increases in the spring, which is exactly what we are seeing. It tends to be milder than flu A.

There's no question that this was a remarkable flu season. Deaths from pneumonia and influenza far exceeded the last few seasons (as shown below). Hospitalizations for influenza were high as well. In some ways, we are fortunate that we had a quiet Covid-19 winter season, because the combined burden on the healthcare system could have been even more substantial.

Source: CDC

COVID-19

Covid-19 is hitting a lull in many places in the country, with low and declining wastewater and low rates of severe illness. Nevertheless, activity is still high in more than a dozen states.

Nationally, wastewater activity held roughly steady at a moderate rate this past week. Activity remains moderate, but is increasing in the Midwest and South. Activity is low and stable in the Northeast and declining in the West.

Emergency department visits are low at 0.7%, with no significant change in the past week. Since January, national ED visits for Covid-19 have declined by half.

Hospitalizations are low and continue to slowly decline, falling to 2.6 hospitalizations per 100,000 people.


Other Bugs

Several other causes of cold and flu-like symptoms are circulating:

  • Human metapneumovirus has sharply increased and is now at its highest point this season.

  • Human coronaviruses appear to have peaked a few weeks ago, and while rates are still high, they are on the way down.

  • Adenovirus is picking up a bit again, after peaking near the end of the year.

  • Rhinoviruses/enteroviruses remain low, but have increased a bit this fast few weeks.


Norovirus

Some slightly good news - norovirus activity dipped a bit in the past couple weeks, down to 17% test positivity. This is still very high, but it is lower than it has been December. Rates are lowest in the West, and the South and Midwest are roughly tied for first place.

Source: CDC

Food recalls

The following foods are being recalled because they are contaminated. Please check your cupboards and throw out any of these items:

New:

  • Lean Cuisine and Stouffer’s frozen meals (more info)

  • Savage Pet Cat Food Chicken [for cats]. Due to potential contamination with H5N1 - this poses a health risk for cats as well as potentially to humans as well. (more info)

  • SeaBear Smoked Clam Chowder and Alehouse Clam Chowder (more info)

Previously reported:

  • Enoki mushrooms sold under Daily Veggies brand (more info)

  • Hot pot sauce sold under Wangshihe brand (more info)

  • Prepared vegetables sold at Tokyo Central/Marukai stores in California (more info)

  • If you have food allergies, you may wish to review these FDA safety alerts and USDA alerts for foods with undeclared allergens.


In other news

There is just one more edition left for this season. The last free national edition will be published next week. Paid subscribers will continue to receive the national edition through the spring and summer months. The winter publication schedule will resume in October. As a reminder, I am also offering twice-weekly measles updates to paid subscribers.

Katelyn Jetelina's The Dose Newsletter 3-24-25

Here's Your Local Epidemiologist with The Dose newsletter for 3/24/25:

Shady CDC page, measles, Americans are unhappy, egg prices down, and infant formula

Here’s your national health check-up—including infectious diseases, why parents shouldn’t panic about infant formula, and the state of our collective sanity.


Something shady is going on

"Over the weekend, a shadow CDC page on vaccines and autism (called the realcdc[.]org) was revealed. It looks exactly like an official CDC page—the same branding, fonts, and style. The difference was that it had false information about MMR vaccines causing autism, including videos of parent testimonials.

Side-by-side comparison of the two websites shows the similarites.
Side-by-side comparison of the CDC webpage. Originally reported by InfoEpi

"Here’s the kicker: This shadow site was hosted by Children’s Health Defense (CHD)— a non-profit, anti-vaxx organization started by Secretary Kennedy.

"What they were going to do with this page is unclear, but we can imagine a number of scenarios, including directing Americans toward false information. As the New York Times found, RFK Jr. quickly asked them to take it down. Regardless, this confirms that CHD is backhanded, dishonest, and deceitful. The site is now inactive, but I bet it’s not the last we see of it.

"What does this mean to you? It’s clear now more than ever that we are in an information storm with people’s health at stake. There are a lot of legitimate-looking news websites that are actually just organizations masking as something else. Here are 9 tips from YLE on spotting falsehoods.


Flu: We’re on the way out (mostly)

"Influenza-like illnessescough, fever, runny nose—are packing their bags. While it’s still high in the Northeast and Northwest (probably because it’s still a bit cold), levels are moderate to low across the U.S. overall.

Influenza-like illnesses. Source: ILINet

"One strain of flu—Influenza A—showed its teeth this winter but continues its steep decline. We sometimes see an increase this time of year of another flu strain—Influenza B. This year it has increased slightly but not enough to disrupt the overall downward trend.

"What it means to you: The end of flu season is just around the corner.


Measles: The comeback tour no one asked for

"Measles continues to be a problem. As of Saturday, the U.S. had 407 measles cases across 19 states, 355 of which are associated with the outbreak in Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma.

Source: YLE

"Lubbock’s Public Health Director warned that the panhandle outbreak could take a year to contain. She’s probably right, but boots on the ground will do everything possible to prevent that. If this outbreak takes more than 12 months to contain, the U.S. will lose its measles elimination status—a title we’ve held for 25 years.

"Another outbreak popped up in Kansas—up to 10 cases in two counties. This may be connected to the Texas outbreak, but there is no confirmation yet.

"In the past week, we’ve also seen sporadic measles cases in the following places from international travel:

"What does this mean to you? You are very well protected if you’re up to date on your MMR vaccine. If you’re in a hot zone, especially with a child under 12 months old, remain vigilant by following updates from your local health department.

"Students at the Yale School of Public Health (where I am an adjunct professor) continue to put together a fantastic SITREP. Below is the latest if you’re looking for more details!

Yale Vmoc Special Report Measles Outbreak Southwest Us 3 22 2025 Ver2
1.17MB ∙ PDF file
Download

Americans sure are not happy

"In a finding that I don’t think surprises anyone, the U.S. hit its lowest-ever ranking—24th place—in the latest World Happiness Report. The U.K. also hit rock bottom at 23rd. Happiest country? Finland (again). Costa Rica and Mexico made the top 10 for the first time.

"Factors that are foundational to people’s happiness, according to the report:

  • GDP per capita

  • Perceptions of corruption

  • Personal connections and having people to count on

  • Eating with others

  • Trust

  • Believing in others’ kindness

"This report is based on data from last summer—right after Biden dropped out of the presidential race. Given everything that’s unfolded since, a fresh ranking today would likely be fascinating. I know I’m not feeling very happy lately.


Egg prices: Finally, some good news

"The price of an egg dropped significantly last week for an average of $3.27 per dozen.

"Why? Two simultaneous factors:

  1. We’re seeing a slowdown in bird flu outbreaks. This is great for the birds and us since it means the virus has less of a chance to mutate.

Source: APHIS, USDA
  1. Demand dropped since people didn’t want to pay exorbitant prices for eggs.

"What does it mean to you? Don’t run to the store yet. These are wholesale prices. Prices of eggs on store shelves haven’t changed everywhere yet. Easter could shake things up, though.


Infant formula report and Operation Stork Speed

"Megan Maisano, the YLE nutrition expert and mom to 5-week-old twins, will take this away…

"Last week, Consumer Reports released their investigation on 41 types of powdered infant formula. Results were mixed:

  • Good news: More than half contained low to no levels of contaminants, and none had detectable or harmful levels of cadmium and mercury. This includes the most popular brands, like Enfamil, Similac Advance, and Kirkland ProCare.

  • Bad news: Half contained at least one substance with concerning levels (including arsenic, lead, and PFAS).

"This sounds scary, and parents are rightfully concerned if their formula was one of the 10 that landed in the “worst choices” category. So what’s going on?

  • Despite being one of the most tightly regulated products in the U.S., infant formula can become contaminated.

  • Contaminants can come naturally from heavy metals in soil and water or man-made pollutants like industrial and agricultural byproducts.

  • We are exposed to these contaminants daily, as they are found throughout the entire food system (and monitored by the FDA’s Total Diet Study).

  • However, exposure can be harmful to growing young children (it is linked to brain development and immune function). The report identifies considerable variation in contamination among formula products, raising questions regarding safety regulations.

"One day after this report was released, the FDA announced Operation Stork Speed, an initiative to enhance the quality, safety, and nutrition of infant formulas, including increased testing for contaminants. While the Biden administration’s similar Closer to Zero effort aims to reduce contaminant exposure in the entire food system, this plan offers a unique focus on infant formula.

"Some thoughts:

  • I welcome this as a health expert and a parent. The last FDA review of infant formula was over 25 years ago.

  • However, I’ll be curious how the FDA properly tackles this operation, given recent cuts to health agencies and considerable deregulatory actions at the EPA.

  • If you’re using infant formula, this isn’t a reason to panic. None of the samples exceeded E.U. limits for formula, except for the presence of BPA in one product. (The U.S. does not have established limits specific to infant formula.) Nevertheless, the report shows there’s room for improvement.

"Dr. Jessica Knurick has a fantastic and detailed article on this topic here.


Question grab bag

"YLE received many comments and questions after the autism post. (I swear, the comments section of YLE is the best. I learn from it every. single. post.) One common reaction to the CDC autism study was: “Couldn’t this be a good thing? I can imagine a sizable impact for a vaccine-autism study conducted under the aegis of such a noted vaccine skeptic (to say the least) that nonetheless found no evidence of a link.”

"I think this is an interesting point. However, it assumes that yet another study on vaccines and autism is a good faith effort. It is incredibly easy to lie using statistics, and RFK Jr. has a track record of sowing doubt in vaccines. Evidence has mounted up over the past 25 years against a link but still people are unconvinced. This also may have an indirect effect—people assuming there is an open-ended question when there is not.


Bottom line

"You’re caught up to start your week!

"Love, the YLE team"

Downplaying Hamas

In his opinion column, Daniel Greenfield says that US envoy Witkoff is collaborating with Hamas

Like so many others who just can't believe that Hamas is as evil as they really are, Witkoff actually implied that Hamas could remain in Gaza! Despite what they did on October 7!  And he himself is Jewish! If this is true, then he should be replaced ASAP as the envoy, because we don't need more excuse-makers.

-------------------------------

US envoy Witkoff is collaborating with Hamas – opinion
March 23, 2025 - by Daniel Greenfield, Front Page Magazine

"Steven Witkoff, the Trump administration’s official envoy who had past business ties to Qatar, sat down with Tucker Carlson, the former FOX News talking head turned Qatari apologist who had recently featured Qatar’s leader, to talk about how wonderful Qatar is.

“Sheikh Mohammed… is a good man,” Witkoff gushed.

“He certainly is,” Tucker Carlson agreed.

“He’s a special guy. He really is,” Witkoff said.

“In the case of the Qataris, they’re criticized for not being well motivated. It’s preposterous. They are well motivated. They’re good, decent people. What they want is a mediation that’s effective, that gets to a peace goal. And why? Because they’re a small nation and they want to be acknowledged as a peacemaker.”

"Witkoff said of a country that serves as a state sponsor of every Islamic terrorist group from the Taliban to Hamas, and which harbored the mastermind of 9/11.

"Tucker complained that Witkoff was being attacked for working for Qatar by the “news media and social media.” The truth is that the news media praises Witkoff, he’s being condemned on social media.

"Witkoff replied by defending Qatar. “I’ve had a couple of experiences where first I was attacked as being pro-Qatari sympathizer. By the way, Qatar is a mediator here. They’re not a party to the conflict, they’re a mediator. So I am—how could I not collaborate with the mediator? And if I’m not collaborating with the mediator, I’m bound to be ineffective. It’s not even possible that I could do the job. I had to know everything that they knew. So that means collaboration.”

"Qatar is not a mediator. It’s a state sponsor of Hamas and other Islamic terrorist groups. By collaborating with Qatar, Witkoff is by definition collaborating with Hamas.

"Witkoff praised Biden envoy Brett McGurk. According to Witkoff, McGurk told him, “this is where I want to get to, Steve.”

"And that’s what led to the first disastrous deal with Hamas.

"Tucker Carlson then lied that this approach of appeasing Islamic terrorists was “so different from the posture that the last couple of generations of diplomats have taken, which is like, here’s what we want. Shut up and do it. And I just don’t think, leaving aside moral considerations, I don’t think it’s been very effective.”

"In reality, trying to win over terrorists is exactly what Bush, Obama and Biden did. And it never worked.

"Tucker knows it. He’s talked about it back when he wasn’t acting like an employee for the Gulf Muslim oil states.

"Tucker Carlson then lied that Qatar are “often accused, almost universally accused in the US Media of being agents of Iran.”

"In fact the media bends over backward and promotes anything that Qatar and its Al Jazeera media outlet say. There’s virtually no criticism of Qatar in the media here. Tucker knows it.

"He’s propagandizing for Qatar to his conservative audience by making it seem like it’s at odds with the media.

"In reality, the media is in Qatar’s pocket.

“They’re a Muslim nation. In the past, they’ve had some views that are a little bit more radical,” Witkoff claimed. “From an Islamist standpoint than they are today, but it’s moderated quite a bit. There’s no doubt that they’re an ally of the United States. There’s no doubt about that.”

"Tucker agreed with Witkoff at every turn about how wonderfully moderate Qatar is.

"Witkoff told Tucker that he had never spoken to Hamas, but “I think you have to trust the Qataris. If I didn’t trust the Qataris, then that would be really problematic, not meeting with Hamas.”

"After the Qatari propaganda, Witkoff and Tucker turned to Hamas.

"Witkoff then made an argument for the UN’s 15-20 year reconstruction plan for Gaza.

“What’s acceptable to us is they need to demilitarize. Then maybe they could stay there a little bit. Be involved politically. But they can’t be involved militarily. We can’t have a terrorist organization running Gaza because that won’t be acceptable to Israel,” Witkoff said.

"So from a starting point of expelling Hamas and Gazans, we’re now down to Hamas getting to be “politically involved” in running Gaza as long as it goes through some show of disarming.

“You know, what we heard in the beginning of this conflict is Hamas is ideological. They’re prepared to die for a whole variety of reasons,” Witkoff told Tucker. “I don’t think that they are as ideologically locked in. They’re not ideologically intractable. I don’t. I never believe that.”

"The contention that Hamas is not really ideological and is willing to make a deal was a feature of both the Bush and Obama administrations.

“Smart. Smart. That is total. That is smart. But it’s. How hard was it to come to that conclusion?” Tucker cheered.

"The rest of the conversation essentially had Tucker Carlson channeling the Saudi line, claiming that “looming over all of these countries and their remarkable success both economically and socially, there’s like great countries, in my opinion is the conflict in Gaza. And not just Gaza, but the idea that, wow, this could all blow up tomorrow because we don’t know what the Israeli plan is.”

"During the conversation, Tucker repeatedly demonstrated that he knew nothing about the region except whatever the Saudis and whoever else in the Gulf oil states was feeding him, leading him to say at one point that, Turkey’s “Erdogan is seen by some in his country as a tool of Israel.”

"In reality, Erdogan recently threatened war against Israel and praised Hamas.

"Tucker claimed “that the conflict in Gaza, which is of course streamed in everyone’s iPhone, a lot of people killed in Gaza, a lot of kids. And that’s inflaming the populations of some of these countries again, specifically Egypt and Jordan.”

"Tucker complained to Witkoff that the ‘two-state solution’ has become controversial.

"Witkoff said that “the Israelis going in is in some respects unfortunate and in some respects falls into the “had to be” bucket. It kind of had to be. Hamas was not responding. And their responses were unreasonable.”

"Then Witkoff recycled most of the Bush/Obama calls for “real elections in Gaza”.

"That’s how Hamas took over Gaza in the first place.

"One of Tucker’s parting remarks to Witkoff was, “I hope for our sake you wind up in Tehran.”

Sunday, March 23, 2025

Dr Ruth's COVID & Health News 3/23/25

Here is the latest incredibly information-packed newsletter by Dr. Ruth Ann Crystal:

================

COVID & Health News 3/23/25 

"As the weather gets warmer and people are starting to spend more time outdoors, respiratory illnesses like COVID and the Flu are decreasing.

Respiratory Viruses

"Overall, respiratory illness activity has decreased to LOW levels across the United States. Emergency department visits for COVID, Flu and RSV are decreasing, but wastewater levels for Influenza are still MODERATE nationally and Influenza B remains very high in the Northeast. Of note, the Northeast and Midwest continue to have high levels of Norovirus which causes the stomach flu.

From: https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/data/index.html

Regional levels of various viruses in wastewater:

From: Wastewater SCAN: https://data.wastewaterscan.org/

"Regarding COVID, 1 in 128 people is actively infectious now with SARS-CoV-2 nationally. According to Mike Hoerger, there are higher rates of COVID in the South including Oklahoma and in Washington DC. He expects that we will have between 300,000 to 500,000 daily COVID infections in America over the next few weeks. Variant data will update next Friday, but last week LP.8.1 was 47% and XEC 26% of COVID cases in the U.S.

"Friday, the CDC reported SARS-CoV-2 wastewater levels as MODERATE nationally because the South is in the HIGH range again. SARS-CoV-2 levels are LOW for most of the Bay Area now. In Santa Clara County, COVID levels and Flu A have decreased, but Influenza B levels are still high. 

 

California and the Pandemic

"The Mercury News came out with some interesting statistics regarding the long term effects of the pandemic on California. Monthly deaths in California from all causes remains higher than pre-pandemic averages. UC Berkeley Professor John Swartzberg commented that “COVID caused a lot of premature deaths from heart attacks. Also the disruption had effects on the populace that were deleterious to its health: increased alcohol consumption, decreased activity, depression.”

"The California unemployment rate spiked to 16% in 2020 and then returned to pre-pandemic levels around 4% after two years. BART ridership is about 40% of what it was pre-pandemic as more people work from home. Bay Bridge use, however, is back to about 90% of pre-pandemic numbers.

"Testing for school achievement in California went from 51% of the expected standard for the English language pre-pandemic which was already low, to an even lower 47% of expected standards now. Math scores which were at 40% of expected standard pre-pandemic are now at only 35.5% of expected standards for math in California schools overall.

From: https://buff.ly/DAV83cx

COVID and Pregnancy

"A group from the University of Michigan presented a case of SARS-CoV-2 placentitis with a review of the literature. Placentitis happens when SARS-CoV-2 infects the placenta's syncytiotrophoblasts, disrupting placental function and leading to fetal complications including stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, and preterm delivery, even in asymptomatic COVID infections. Diagnosis relies on identifying a specific pattern of placental damage—chronic histiocytic intervillositis, perivillous fibrin deposition, and trophoblast necrosis—while immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridization confirm the presence of the virus.

Pediatrics

"A newsletter written by children and young adults with Long COVID called The Long Covid Chronic-ill just posted its first issue.

"Families in Britain are struggling financially and emotionally as they try to support their children suffering from Long COVID, which has left many children bedridden and unable to attend school. With limited public healthcare options, parents are forced to quit jobs, go into debt, and seek costly private treatments. "My savings have long gone. I'm maxed out on my overdraft and have debts," said mother Louise.

Long COVID

"A study from January 2025 shows that "Long COVID could be costing the U.S. between $2 billion and $6.5 billion annually. The authors concluded "The current health and economic burden of long COVID may already exceed that of a number of other chronic diseases and will continue to grow each year as COVID-19 cases increase. This could be a significant drain on businesses, third-party payers, the healthcare system, and society."

"By analyzing NHS England survey data, a group from the University of Southampton found that about one in ten (9.1%) of people in England are unsure if they have Long Covid, while 4.8% report certainty about having the condition, with higher rates among socially disadvantaged groups. Researchers highlight the need for increased awareness, diagnosis, and support, as Long Covid continues to impact individuals, families, and society, contributing to existing health inequalities.

"In a proof-of-concept study, people with cognitive impairment in Long COVID were found to have asymmetrical glymphatic dysfunction in the left hemisphere of the brain which also correlated with disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A group from Thomas Jefferson University used special MRI techniques to assess perivascular spaces in the brain of 14 individuals with Long COVID compared to 10 healthy controls. A significant reduction in the DTI-ALPS index—a measure of glymphatic function—in the left hemisphere of Long COVID patients was found, indicating impaired waste clearance in the brain. Additionally, there was a strong inverse correlation between BBB permeability and glymphatic function, suggesting that both factors may contribute to neurocognitive impairment in Long COVID patients.

The left hemisphere is more affected. From: https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-025-04133-4/figures/4

"Research suggests that Long COVID may affect the brain's auditory processing, leading to slower nerve signal transmission in the midbrain, similar to what is seen in aging. People with Long COVID also experience more tinnitus, anxiety, depression, and cognitive fatigue than healthy individuals. A new study from Dartmouth shows that auditory tests, like the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) that measure the brain’s response to sound, could serve as objective measures to help assess cognitive fatigue in Long COVID patients.

 

"Visuoconstructive deficit (VCD) is a cognitive impairment that affects a person's ability to perceive, organize, and accurately reproduce visual information. It impacts tasks requiring spatial processing and motor coordination, such as drawing, copying geometric figures, assembling objects, or navigating spaces. VCD is often associated with neurological conditions like stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia, and, as recent studies suggest, Long COVID, where it may be linked to neuroinflammation and structural brain changes.

"A new study explores Vitamin B12 as an epidrug to regulate inflammatory biomarkers in Long COVID patients with persistent visuoconstructive deficit (VCD). Researchers found that individuals with VCD had elevated CCL11, a chemokine linked to neurodegeneration, but supplementation with Vitamin B12 normalized its expression and increased neuroprotective HGF levels. These findings suggest that Vitamin B12 may help mitigate neuroinflammation in Long COVID by modulating gene expression through methylation, offering a potential therapeutic approach for cognitive impairment.

Graphical abstract

From: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-86637-0

"An excellent review of 29 studies (through January 2024) explores the omics-based landscape of Long COVID, analyzing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics to understand the underlying pathophysiology and identify biomarkers and treatment targets. The review shows that Long COVID affects multiple organ systems, with key findings including mitochondrial dysfunction, immune dysregulation, blood–brain barrier disruption, coagulopathy, and microbiome disturbances. Despite the heterogeneity of studies, the review highlights the need for integrated, longitudinal research to develop precision medicine approaches for diagnosing and treating Long COVID.

Figure 2:

Omics layers included in this systematic review include the totality of biomolecules that they measure in a biological sample.

From: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.16526

Figure 4: Treatable traits in Long COVID stratified by phenotype.

From: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.16526

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"A study from Italy found that women with endometriosis or adenomyosis are significantly more likely to experience Long COVID compared to those without these conditions. Patients with endometriosis or adenomyosis had higher rates of persistent symptoms like chest pain and loss of taste beyond 12 weeks. The findings suggest that pre-existing immune dysregulation and inflammation in endometriosis and adenomyosis may contribute to prolonged symptoms after acute COVID infection. Further research is needed to explore the connection between chronic inflammatory diseases and Long COVID.

"Another study examined the prevalence and impact of Long COVID nearly two years after initial infection in a Michigan-based cohort. Among 1,547 respondents, 24% reported ongoing Long COVID symptoms, which were strongly associated with increased disability in cognition, mobility, independent living, self-care, vision, and hearing. The findings highlight the significant and lasting burden of Long COVID.

“Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) was initially developed to manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but clinicians around the world have used it to help patients who experience persistent respiratory symptoms after COVID-19 infections, including shortness of breath and exercise intolerance.” A meta-analysis of 37 randomized controlled trials, including 22 trials of patients hospitalized with COVID, shows that pulmonary rehabilitation can improve lung function in Long COVID after 4 to 8 weeks of therapy.

H5N1

"H5N1 and H7N9 are both highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. This week it was reported that chickens on a Mississippi farm became sick with the H7N9 strain of bird flu. People who get H7N9 Avian flu can become very sick, although mortality from H7N9 may be lower than for the H5N1 Bird flu strain. H7N9 can spread from human-to-human and tends to spread quickly which increases the risk of it mutating. For now, the affected birds were culled and the situation is being monitored.

"A study from Cornell University found that the H5N1 bird flu virus can remain infectious in raw milk cheese for months, raising public health concerns. While pasteurization effectively inactivates the virus, the traditional 60-day aging process for raw milk cheese does not eliminate the risk, highlighting the need for stricter surveillance and caution when consuming unpasteurized dairy products.

"The CDC confirmed the first known human case of H5N1 avian flu in the U.S. involving the D1.3 genotype in an Ohio poultry worker, though genetic analysis did not reveal markers for increased mammalian adaptation or antiviral resistance. Meanwhile, serology testing ruled out human-to-human transmission in a San Francisco child’s H5N1 case, reinforcing that no such spread has been detected in the United States. In response to ongoing outbreaks, the USDA announced up to $100 million in funding for avian flu research, including vaccine development, while confirming new poultry infections in four states.

Measles

"As of Friday March 21, the CDC reported 378 Measles cases in America in 2025 with 95% of cases seen in unvaccinated people. Hospitalization was needed for 17% (64 of 378) of cases for complications such as Measles pneumonia and there have been 2 deaths in 2025 related to Measles.

"As of 3/21/25, Texas reported 309 Measles cases, 40 hospitalized, and one fatality in an unvaccinated school-aged child. Sadly, anti-vaccine activists have exploited the tragic death of a 6-year-old from measles, reframing it as evidence against vaccines rather than a warning about the dangers of the disease.

"Quoted from NBC News:

“The child’s grieving parents have given just one on-camera interview, to Children’s Health Defense, the anti-vaccine nonprofit group founded and led until recently by Robert F. Kennedy Jr., now the health and human services secretary. In a video that aired online Monday, the young parents stifled sobs, recalling how their unvaccinated daughter got sick from measles, then pneumonia, how she was hospitalized and put on a ventilator, and how she died.

“Don’t do the shots,” the girl’s mother said. Measles, she added, is “not as bad as they’re making it out to be.” She noted that her four other children all recovered after having received alternative treatments from an anti-vaccine doctor, including cod liver oil, a source of vitamin A, and budesonide, an inhaled steroid usually used for asthma.

“Also, the measles are good for the body,” the girl’s father said.”

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mRNA Vaccines

"Less than two years ago, Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman were awarded the Nobel Prize for mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. This week, “NIH acting Director Matthew Memoli sent an email across the NIH instructing that any grants, contracts, or collaborations involving mRNA vaccines be reported up the chain to Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s office and the White House. Memoli sent a similar message ahead of the agency canceling other research, including studies on vaccine hesitancy.” As Eric Topol posted, this is a threat to “one of the most important advances in biotechnology of our time [mRNA vaccines], already being used to successfully treat refractory cancers, enable genome editing, develop vaccines for infectious diseases for which there are none, treat autoimmune diseases, and more.”

"Katelyn Jetelina and Andrea Tamayo wrote an excellent article this week entitled, “Vaccines don’t cause Autism. So what does?” They reviewed "over 25 epidemiological studies, including a fantastic 2019 analysis of more than 600,000 children in Denmark" proving that vaccines do not cause autism. They said that the autism community is unhappy about being used as a reason to avoid vaccination and that wasting money on another vaccine study takes away research money that could be used to discover the true causes of autism.

"In a placebo controlled trial in JAMA, children between 28 days and 4 years of age with a fever (≥38.5 °C) and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) were given daily single dose of 0.5 mL probiotic mixture containing Bifidobacterium breve M-16V, Bifidobacterium lactis HN019, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 for 14 days. Young children who received the probiotics had 2 days less of fever than those on placebo.

"Lean Cuisine and Stouffer's recalled the following meals with expiration dates between September 2025 and April 2026 for 'wood-like material' linked to choking:

  • Lean Cuisine Butternut Squash Ravioli,

  • Lean Cuisine Spinach Artichoke Ravioli,

  • Lean Cuisine Lemon Garlic Shrimp Stir Fry

  • Stouffer’s Party Size Chicken Lasagna.

"A group from France used hybridoma technology to improve the process of making monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). By using a method called fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to select the best ASCs from immunized mice, researchers increased the success rate of cell fusion to 100% and produced more effective antibodies, making the process faster and more efficient for medical treatments and research.

"There was a really interesting, albeit long, article in the Washington Post about Heather Stone, an FDA worker who started CURE ID to help doctors find new treatments and cures for rare diseases. The information posted on CURE ID helped to save the life of a little girl who had an unusual amoeba infection called Balamuthia. CURE ID is also documenting possible treatments for Long COVID.

"Obeldesivir is an oral form of the antiviral medication Remdesivir. A new study shows that giving oral Obeldesivir (ODV) to non-human primates gave 100% protection to rhesus macaques and 80% to cynomolgus macaques against a lethal dose of Ebola when given 24 hours after exposure. ODV may potentially be used in the future as “an oral postexposure prophylaxis with broad spectrum activity across filoviruses” such as Ebola and the Marburg virus.

"96 year old Bill Tallyn rides his bike every day around his RV park delivering treats to over 50 dogs and cats. His human neighbors and his canine and feline neighbors all love Bill.

From: https://www.abc15.com/news/uplifting-arizona/watch-mesa-man-delivers-smiles-and-wagging-tails-one-treat-at-a-time

"I’ll be taking next week off from the newsletter.

"Have a great week,

Ruth Ann Crystal MD"